Deck beam spans (2021 IRC)
A Southern pine two-ply 2×10 deck beam spans up to 7’4” at an effective joist span of 12 feet, per 2021 IRC Table R507.5(1). All four beam tables are below, each with its own citation and a link to the table source.
How the beam sizes are written
The size column pairs a ply count with a lumber size. “1-2×10” means a single 2×10; “3-2×12” means three 2×12s fastened together. On this page the same rows are printed as “2 × 2×10”, read as two 2×10s.
For a flush beam, the tables apply where the beam depth equals or exceeds the joist depth — that is a condition of the table, not a preference.
Effective joist span
The beam tables are not entered with the raw joist span. They are entered with the effective deck joist span: the actual deck joist span multiplied by the factor listed in 2021 IRC Table R507.5(5) for the ratio of joist cantilever to joist span. Where the joists do not cantilever past the beam, the factor listed is 0.66.
| Cantilever ÷ joist span (C/J) | Factor |
|---|---|
| 0 (no cantilever) | 0.66 |
| 1/12 | 0.72 |
| 1/10 | 0.80 |
| 1/8 | 0.84 |
| 1/6 | 0.90 |
| 1/4 | 1.00 |
2021 IRC Table R507.5(5) — factor applied to the deck joist span before entering the beam tables. table source
Deck beam span tables
Rows are species group and beam; columns are the effective joist span in feet. Values are quoted from the 2021 IRC exactly as the code prints them.
2021 IRC Table R507.5(1) — 40 psf live load
| Beam | Effective joist span (feet) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | |
| Southern pine | |||||||
| 1 × 2×6 | 4’7” | 4’0” | 3’7” | 3’3” | 3’0” | 2’10” | 2’8” |
| 1 × 2×8 | 5’11” | 5’1” | 4’7” | 4’2” | 3’10” | 3’7” | 3’5” |
| 1 × 2×10 | 7’0” | 6’0” | 5’5” | 4’11” | 4’7” | 4’3” | 4’0” |
| 1 × 2×12 | 8’3” | 7’1” | 6’4” | 5’10” | 5’5” | 5’0” | 4’9” |
| 2 × 2×6 | 6’11” | 5’11” | 5’4” | 4’10” | 4’6” | 4’3” | 4’0” |
| 2 × 2×8 | 8’9” | 7’7” | 6’9” | 6’2” | 5’9” | 5’4” | 5’0” |
| 2 × 2×10 | 10’4” | 9’0” | 8’0” | 7’4” | 6’9” | 6’4” | 6’0” |
| 2 × 2×12 | 12’2” | 10’7” | 9’5” | 8’7” | 8’0” | 7’5” | 7’0” |
| 3 × 2×6 | 8’6” | 7’5” | 6’8” | 6’1” | 5’8” | 5’3” | 4’11” |
| 3 × 2×8 | 10’11” | 9’6” | 8’6” | 7’9” | 7’2” | 6’8” | 6’4” |
| 3 × 2×10 | 13’0” | 11’2” | 10’0” | 9’2” | 8’6” | 7’11” | 7’6” |
| 3 × 2×12 | 15’3” | 13’3” | 11’10” | 10’9” | 10’0” | 9’4” | 8’10” |
| Douglas fir-larch / Hem-fir / Spruce-pine-fir | |||||||
| 1 × 2×6 | 4’1” | 3’6” | 3’0” | 2’8” | 2’5” | 2’3” | 2’1” |
| 1 × 2×8 | 5’6” | 4’8” | 4’0” | 3’6” | 3’2” | 2’11” | 2’9” |
| 1 × 2×10 | 6’8” | 5’10” | 5’1” | 4’6” | 4’1” | 3’9” | 3’6” |
| 1 × 2×12 | 7’9” | 6’9” | 6’0” | 5’6” | 5’0” | 3’9” | 3’6” |
| 2 × 2×6 | 6’1” | 5’3” | 4’9” | 4’4” | 3’11” | 3’7” | 3’3” |
| 2 × 2×8 | 8’2” | 7’1” | 6’4” | 5’9” | 5’2” | 4’8” | 4’4” |
| 2 × 2×10 | 10’0” | 8’7” | 7’9” | 7’0” | 6’6” | 6’0” | 5’6” |
| 2 × 2×12 | 11’7” | 10’0” | 8’11” | 8’2” | 7’7” | 7’1” | 6’8” |
| 3 × 2×6 | 7’8” | 6’8” | 6’0” | 5’6” | 5’1” | 4’9” | 4’6” |
| 3 × 2×8 | 10’3” | 8’10” | 7’11” | 7’3” | 6’8” | 6’3” | 5’11” |
| 3 × 2×10 | 12’6” | 10’10” | 9’8” | 8’10” | 8’2” | 7’8” | 7’2” |
| 3 × 2×12 | 14’6” | 12’7” | 11’3” | 10’3” | 9’6” | 8’11” | 8’5” |
| Redwood / Western cedars / Ponderosa pine / Red pine | |||||||
| 1 × 2×6 | 4’2” | 3’7” | 3’1” | 2’9” | 2’6” | 2’3” | 2’2” |
| 1 × 2×8 | 5’4” | 4’7” | 4’1” | 3’7” | 3’3” | 3’0” | 2’10” |
| 1 × 2×10 | 6’6” | 5’7” | 5’0” | 4’7” | 4’2” | 3’10” | 3’7” |
| 1 × 2×12 | 7’6” | 6’6” | 5’10” | 5’4” | 4’11” | 4’7” | 4’4” |
| 2 × 2×6 | 6’2” | 5’4” | 4’10” | 4’5” | 4’0” | 3’8” | 3’4” |
| 2 × 2×8 | 7’10” | 6’10” | 6’1” | 5’7” | 5’2” | 4’10” | 4’5” |
| 2 × 2×10 | 9’7” | 8’4” | 7’5” | 6’9” | 6’3” | 5’10” | 5’6” |
| 2 × 2×12 | 11’1” | 9’8” | 8’7” | 7’10” | 7’3” | 6’10” | 6’5” |
| 3 × 2×6 | 7’8” | 6’9” | 6’0” | 5’6” | 5’1” | 4’9” | 4’6” |
| 3 × 2×8 | 9’10” | 8’6” | 7’7” | 6’11” | 6’5” | 6’0” | 5’8” |
| 3 × 2×10 | 12’0” | 10’5” | 9’4” | 8’6” | 7’10” | 7’4” | 6’11” |
| 3 × 2×12 | 13’11” | 12’1” | 10’9” | 9’10” | 9’1” | 8’6” | 8’1” |
2021 IRC Table R507.5(1) — 40 psf live load with 10 psf dead load, No. 2 grade, wet service, beam span measured between post centers. table source
2021 IRC Table R507.5(2) — 50 psf ground snow load
| Beam | Effective joist span (feet) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | |
| Southern pine | |||||||
| 1 × 2×6 | 4’6” | 3’11” | 3’6” | 3’2” | 2’11” | 2’9” | 2’7” |
| 1 × 2×8 | 5’9” | 4’11” | 4’5” | 4’0” | 3’9” | 3’6” | 3’3” |
| 1 × 2×10 | 6’9” | 5’10” | 5’3” | 4’9” | 4’5” | 4’2” | 3’11” |
| 1 × 2×12 | 8’0” | 6’11” | 6’2” | 5’8” | 5’3” | 4’11” | 4’7” |
| 2 × 2×6 | 6’8” | 5’9” | 5’2” | 4’9” | 4’4” | 4’1” | 3’10” |
| 2 × 2×8 | 8’6” | 7’4” | 6’7” | 6’0” | 5’7” | 5’2” | 4’11” |
| 2 × 2×10 | 10’1” | 8’9” | 7’10” | 7’1” | 6’7” | 6’2” | 5’10” |
| 2 × 2×12 | 11’11” | 10’3” | 9’2” | 8’5” | 7’9” | 7’3” | 6’10” |
| 3 × 2×6 | 7’11” | 7’2” | 6’6” | 5’11” | 5’6” | 5’1” | 4’10” |
| 3 × 2×8 | 10’5” | 9’3” | 8’3” | 7’6” | 6’11” | 6’6” | 6’2” |
| 3 × 2×10 | 12’8” | 10’11” | 9’9” | 8’11” | 8’3” | 7’9” | 7’3” |
| 3 × 2×12 | 14’11” | 12’11” | 11’6” | 10’6” | 9’9” | 9’1” | 8’7” |
| Douglas fir-larch / Hem-fir / Spruce-pine-fir | |||||||
| 1 × 2×6 | 4’0” | 3’5” | 2’11” | 2’7” | 2’4” | 2’2” | 2’0” |
| 1 × 2×8 | 5’4” | 4’7” | 3’11” | 3’5” | 3’1” | 2’10” | 2’8” |
| 1 × 2×10 | 6’7” | 5’8” | 4’11” | 4’5” | 4’0” | 3’8” | 3’5” |
| 1 × 2×12 | 7’7” | 6’7” | 5’11” | 5’4” | 4’10” | 4’6” | 4’2” |
| 2 × 2×6 | 6’0” | 5’2” | 4’7” | 4’2” | 3’10” | 3’5” | 3’2” |
| 2 × 2×8 | 8’0” | 6’11” | 6’2” | 5’8” | 5’0” | 4’7” | 4’2” |
| 2 × 2×10 | 9’9” | 8’5” | 7’7” | 6’11” | 6’4” | 5’10” | 5’4” |
| 2 × 2×12 | 11’4” | 9’10” | 8’9” | 8’0” | 7’5” | 6’11” | 6’6” |
| 3 × 2×6 | 7’6” | 6’6” | 5’9” | 5’3” | 4’11” | 4’7” | 4’4” |
| 3 × 2×8 | 10’0” | 8’8” | 7’9” | 7’1” | 6’6” | 6’1” | 5’8” |
| 3 × 2×10 | 12’3” | 10’7” | 9’6” | 8’8” | 8’0” | 7’6” | 7’0” |
| 3 × 2×12 | 14’3” | 12’4” | 11’0” | 10’1” | 9’4” | 8’9” | 8’3” |
| Redwood / Western cedars / Ponderosa pine / Red pine | |||||||
| 1 × 2×6 | 4’1” | 3’6” | 3’0” | 2’8” | 2’5” | 2’3” | 2’1” |
| 1 × 2×8 | 5’2” | 4’6” | 4’0” | 3’6” | 3’2” | 2’11” | 2’9” |
| 1 × 2×10 | 6’4” | 5’6” | 4’11” | 4’6” | 4’1” | 3’9” | 3’6” |
| 1 × 2×12 | 7’4” | 6’4” | 5’8” | 5’2” | 4’10” | 4’6” | 4’3” |
| 2 × 2×6 | 6’1” | 5’3” | 4’8” | 4’4” | 3’11” | 3’6” | 3’3” |
| 2 × 2×8 | 7’8” | 6’8” | 5’11” | 5’5” | 5’0” | 4’8” | 4’3” |
| 2 × 2×10 | 9’5” | 8’2” | 7’3” | 6’8” | 6’2” | 5’9” | 5’5” |
| 2 × 2×12 | 10’11” | 9’5” | 8’5” | 7’8” | 7’2” | 6’8” | 6’3” |
| 3 × 2×6 | 7’1” | 6’5” | 5’11” | 5’5” | 5’0” | 4’8” | 4’5” |
| 3 × 2×8 | 9’4” | 8’4” | 7’5” | 6’10” | — | 5’11” | 5’7” |
| 3 × 2×10 | 11’9” | 10’2” | 9’1” | 8’4” | 7’8” | 7’2” | 6’9” |
| 3 × 2×12 | 13’8” | 11’10” | 10’7” | 9’8” | 8’11” | 8’4” | 7’10” |
2021 IRC Table R507.5(2) — 50 psf ground snow load with 10 psf dead load, No. 2 grade, wet service, beam span measured between post centers. table source
The published 2021 IRC prints an unreadable value for this cell — confirm with your building department.
2021 IRC Table R507.5(3) — 60 psf ground snow load
| Beam | Effective joist span (feet) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | |
| Southern pine | |||||||
| 1 × 2×6 | 4’2” | 3’7” | 3’3” | 2’11” | 2’9” | 2’6” | 2’5” |
| 1 × 2×8 | 5’3” | 4’7” | 4’1” | 3’9” | 3’5” | 3’3” | 3’0” |
| 1 × 2×10 | 6’3” | 5’5” | 4’10” | 4’5” | 4’1” | 3’10” | 3’7” |
| 1 × 2×12 | 7’5” | 6’5” | 5’9” | 5’3” | 4’10” | 4’6” | 4’3” |
| 2 × 2×6 | 6’2” | 5’4” | 4’9” | 4’4” | 4’0” | 3’9” | 3’7” |
| 2 × 2×8 | 7’10” | 6’10” | 6’1” | 5’7” | 5’2” | 4’10” | 4’6” |
| 2 × 2×10 | 9’4” | 8’1” | 7’3” | 6’7” | 6’1” | 5’8” | 5’4” |
| 2 × 2×12 | 11’0” | 9’6” | 8’6” | 7’9” | 7’2” | 6’9” | 6’4” |
| 3 × 2×6 | 7’5” | 6’9” | 6’0” | 5’6” | 5’1” | 4’9” | 4’6” |
| 3 × 2×8 | 9’9” | 8’6” | 7’8” | 6’11” | 6’5” | 6’0” | 5’8” |
| 3 × 2×10 | 11’8” | 10’2” | 9’1” | 8’3” | 7’8” | 7’2” | 6’9” |
| 3 × 2×12 | 13’9” | 11’11” | 10’8” | 9’9” | 9’0” | 8’5” | 7’11” |
| Douglas fir-larch / Hem-fir / Spruce-pine-fir | |||||||
| 1 × 2×6 | 3’8” | 3’1” | 2’8” | 2’4” | 2’2” | 2’0” | 1’10” |
| 1 × 2×8 | 5’0” | 4’1” | 3’6” | 3’1” | 2’10” | 2’7” | 2’5” |
| 1 × 2×10 | 6’1” | 5’2” | 4’6” | 4’0” | 3’7” | 3’4” | 3’2” |
| 1 × 2×12 | 7’1” | 6’1” | 5’5” | 4’10” | 4’5” | 4’1” | 3’10” |
| 2 × 2×6 | 5’6” | 4’9” | 4’3” | 3’10” | 3’5” | 3’1” | 2’10” |
| 2 × 2×8 | 7’5” | 6’5” | 5’9” | 5’0” | 4’6” | 4’1” | 3’9” |
| 2 × 2×10 | 9’0” | 7’10” | 7’0” | 6’4” | 5’9” | 5’2” | 4’10” |
| 2 × 2×12 | 10’6” | 9’1” | 8’1” | 7’5” | 6’10” | 6’4” | 5’10” |
| 3 × 2×6 | 6’11” | 6’0” | 5’4” | 4’11” | 4’6” | 4’2” | 3’10” |
| 3 × 2×8 | 9’3” | 8’0” | 7’2” | 6’6” | 6’1” | 5’6” | 5’0” |
| 3 × 2×10 | 11’4” | 9’10” | 8’9” | 8’0” | 7’5” | 6’11” | 6’5” |
| 3 × 2×12 | 13’2” | 11’5” | 10’2” | 9’4” | 8’7” | 8’1” | 7’7” |
| Redwood / Western cedars / Ponderosa pine / Red pine | |||||||
| 1 × 2×6 | 3’9” | 3’2” | 2’9” | 2’5” | 2’2” | 2’0” | 1’11” |
| 1 × 2×8 | 4’10” | 4’2” | 3’7” | 3’2” | 2’11” | 2’8” | 2’6” |
| 1 × 2×10 | 5’10” | 5’1” | 4’6” | 4’1” | 3’8” | 3’5” | 3’3” |
| 1 × 2×12 | 6’10” | 5’11” | 5’3” | 4’10” | 4’5” | 4’2” | 3’11” |
| 2 × 2×6 | 5’7” | 4’10” | 4’4” | 3’11” | 3’6” | 3’2” | 2’11” |
| 2 × 2×8 | 7’1” | 6’2” | 5’6” | 5’0” | 4’7” | 4’2” | 3’10” |
| 2 × 2×10 | 8’8” | 7’6” | 6’9” | 6’2” | 5’8” | 5’4” | 4’11” |
| 2 × 2×12 | 10’1” | 8’9” | 7’10” | 7’2” | 6’7” | 6’2” | 5’10” |
| 3 × 2×6 | 6’8” | 6’1” | 5’5” | 5’0” | 4’7” | 4’3” | 3’11” |
| 3 × 2×8 | 8’9” | 7’9” | — | 6’4” | — | 5’5” | 5’3” |
| 3 × 2×10 | 10’11” | 9’5” | 8’5” | 7’8” | 7’3” | 6’8” | 6’3” |
| 3 × 2×12 | 12’8” | 10’11” | 9’9” | 8’11” | 8’3” | 7’9” | 7’3” |
2021 IRC Table R507.5(3) — 60 psf ground snow load with 10 psf dead load, No. 2 grade, wet service, beam span measured between post centers. table source
The published 2021 IRC prints an unreadable value for this cell — confirm with your building department.
2021 IRC Table R507.5(4) — 70 psf ground snow load
| Beam | Effective joist span (feet) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | |
| Southern pine | |||||||
| 1 × 2×6 | 3’11” | 3’4” | 3’0” | 2’9” | 2’6” | 2’4” | 2’3” |
| 1 × 2×8 | 4’11” | 4’3” | 3’10” | 3’6” | 3’3” | 3’0” | 2’10” |
| 1 × 2×10 | 5’10” | 5’1” | 4’6” | 4’2” | 3’10” | 3’7” | 3’4” |
| 1 × 2×12 | 6’11” | 6’0” | 5’4” | 4’11” | 4’6” | 4’3” | 4’0” |
| 2 × 2×6 | 5’9” | 5’0” | 4’6” | 4’1” | 3’9” | 3’6” | 3’4” |
| 2 × 2×8 | 7’4” | 6’4” | 5’8” | 5’2” | 4’10” | 4’6” | 4’3” |
| 2 × 2×10 | 8’9” | 7’7” | 6’9” | 6’2” | 5’8” | 5’4” | 5’0” |
| 2 × 2×12 | 10’3” | 8’11” | 8’0” | 7’3” | 6’9” | 6’3” | 5’11” |
| 3 × 2×6 | 7’0” | 6’3” | 5’7” | 5’1” | 4’9” | 4’5” | 4’2” |
| 3 × 2×8 | 9’3” | 8’0” | 7’2” | 6’6” | 6’0” | 5’8” | 5’4” |
| 3 × 2×10 | 10’11” | 9’6” | 8’6” | 7’9” | 7’2” | 6’8” | 6’4” |
| 3 × 2×12 | 12’11” | 11’2” | 10’0” | 9’1” | 8’5” | 7’11” | 7’5” |
| Douglas fir-larch / Hem-fir / Spruce-pine-fir | |||||||
| 1 × 2×6 | 3’5” | 2’10” | 2’5” | 2’2” | 2’0” | 1’10” | 1’9” |
| 1 × 2×8 | 4’7” | 3’8” | 3’2” | 2’10” | 2’7” | 2’5” | 2’4” |
| 1 × 2×10 | 5’8” | 4’9” | 4’1” | 3’8” | 3’4” | 3’1” | 2’11” |
| 1 × 2×12 | 6’7” | 5’8” | 5’0” | 4’6” | 4’1” | 3’10” | 3’7” |
| 2 × 2×6 | 5’2” | 4’6” | 4’0” | 3’5” | 3’1” | 2’10” | 2’7” |
| 2 × 2×8 | 6’11” | 6’0” | 5’3” | 4’7” | 4’1” | 3’8” | 3’5” |
| 2 × 2×10 | 8’5” | 7’4” | 6’6” | 5’10” | 5’2” | 4’9” | 4’5” |
| 2 × 2×12 | 9’10” | 8’6” | 7’7” | 6’11” | 6’4” | 5’9” | 5’4” |
| 3 × 2×6 | 6’6” | 5’7” | 5’0” | 4’7” | 4’2” | 3’9” | 3’5” |
| 3 × 2×8 | 8’8” | 7’6” | 6’8” | 6’1” | 5’6” | 5’0” | 4’7” |
| 3 × 2×10 | 10’7” | 9’2” | 8’2” | 7’6” | 6’11” | 6’4” | 5’10” |
| 3 × 2×12 | 12’4” | 10’8” | 9’7” | 8’9” | 8’1” | 7’7” | 7’1” |
| Redwood / Western cedars / Ponderosa pine / Red pine | |||||||
| 1 × 2×6 | 3’6” | 2’11” | 2’6” | 2’3” | 2’0” | 1’11” | 1’9” |
| 1 × 2×8 | 4’6” | 3’10” | 3’3” | 2’11” | 2’8” | 2’6” | 2’4” |
| 1 × 2×10 | 5’6” | 4’9” | 4’2” | 3’9” | 3’5” | 3’2” | 3’0” |
| 1 × 2×12 | 6’4” | 5’6” | 4’11” | 4’6” | 4’2” | 3’11” | 3’8” |
| 2 × 2×6 | 5’3” | 4’7” | 4’1” | 3’6” | 3’2” | 2’11” | 2’8” |
| 2 × 2×8 | 6’8” | 5’9” | 5’2” | 4’8” | 4’2” | 3’10” | 3’6” |
| 2 × 2×10 | 8’2” | 7’1” | 6’4” | 5’9” | 5’4” | 4’10” | 4’6” |
| 2 × 2×12 | 9’5” | 8’2” | 7’4” | 6’8” | 6’2” | 5’9” | 5’5” |
| 3 × 2×6 | 6’4” | 5’8” | 5’1” | 4’8” | 4’3” | 3’10” | 3’6” |
| 3 × 2×8 | 8’4” | 7’3” | 6’5” | 5’11” | 5’5” | 5’1” | 4’8” |
| 3 × 2×10 | 10’2” | 8’10” | 7’11” | 7’2” | 6’8” | 6’3” | 5’11” |
| 3 × 2×12 | 11’10” | 10’3” | 9’2” | 8’4” | 7’9” | 7’3” | 6’10” |
2021 IRC Table R507.5(4) — 70 psf ground snow load with 10 psf dead load, No. 2 grade, wet service, beam span measured between post centers. table source
Point loads, cantilevers beyond the table footnotes, unusual snow loads, or anything else outside the table's stated conditions — that's an engineer's question.
Common questions
What does 2-2x10 mean in the deck beam table?
It is the number of plies followed by the lumber size. A 1-2×10 beam is a single 2×10; a 2-2×10 is two 2×10s fastened together; a 3-2×12 is three 2×12s fastened together. Each ply count is its own row in the table, so read the row that matches the beam you have.
What is the effective joist span the deck beam table is entered with?
The beam tables are entered with the effective deck joist span, which is the actual joist span multiplied by the factor listed in 2021 IRC Table R507.5(5). That factor depends on the ratio of the joist cantilever to the joist span; where the joists do not cantilever past the beam, the factor listed is 0.66.
Which of the four deck beam tables applies?
Table R507.5(1) covers a 40 psf live load; Tables R507.5(2), (3) and (4) cover 50, 60 and 70 psf ground snow loads. Use the table that matches the load case for your location, and confirm the ground snow load with your building department.
Deck joists
The joists the beam carries have their own table — 2021 IRC Table R507.6, by size: 2×6 deck joists , 2×8 deck joists , 2×10 deck joists , 2×12 deck joists .